Waterfront Planning 101

Waterfront Planning 101

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Buffalo has created enough waterfront plans over the years to fill a library, and more are on the way. A Niagara River Greenway Plan is currently being circulated for approval, a master plan for ‘Canalside’ at the foot of Main Street is being formulated, and new plans for the outer harbor appear likely after developers Uniland and Opus cancelled their ambitious project on NFTA waterfront property. Politicians and the stars appear to be aligned to finally get long-planned waterfront development underway. But is Buffalo on the right track?

Project for Public Spaces (PPS), a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating and sustaining public places that build communities, has compiled thirteen key steps for creating great waterfronts. Their list is drawn from 32 years of experience working to improve urban waterfronts around the world. According to PPS, these ideas can serve as the framework for any waterfront project seeking to create vibrant public spaces, and, by extension, a vibrant city:

1. Make public goals the primary objective. The best solutions for waterfronts put public goals first, not short-term financial expediency. Community engagement- and, ultimately, local ownership and pride- will flow from this basic premise.

2. Create a shared community vision for the waterfront. Unlike a master plan, a vision process does not lock a project into a prescribed solution. It is a citizen-led initiative that outlines a set of goals- ideals to strive for.

3. Create multiple destinations: The Power of Ten. PPS has found that an effective way to structure a vision process is to set a goal of creating ten great destinations along the entire waterfront, an idea they call the "Power of Ten." This is a focus on destinations, rather than "open space" or parks. Ideally, each destination should provide ten things to do, which creates diverse, layered activity, ensuring that no single use will predominate.

4. Connect the destinations. Each of the ten destinations should be incorporated into a vision for the waterfront as a whole. The key is to achieve continuity, especially when it comes to the pedestrian experience. Creating connections also means enticing people to the waterfront on foot or bike, rather than relying exclusively on the car.

5. Optimize public access. It is essential that the waterfront be accessible for public use to the greatest extent possible. Waterfronts with continuous public access are much more desirable than those where the public space is interrupted.

6. Ensure that new development fits within the community's vision. When the public's vision comes first in a waterfront revitalization project, new developments can be tailored to meet the community's shared goals and expectations. Waterfronts are too valuable to simply allow developers to dictate the terms of growth and change.

7. Encourage 24-hour activity by limiting residential development. Great waterfronts are not dominated by residential development. Why? Because these are places that are full of people, day and night. They are the sites of festivals, markets, fireworks displays, concerts and other high-energy gatherings. A high concentration of residential development limits the diversity of waterfront use and creates constituencies invested in preventing 24-hour activity from flourishing.

8. Use parks to connect destinations, not as destinations unto themselves. In a similar vein, parks should not serve as the raison d'ĂȘtre of the entire waterfront. Passive open space puts a damper on the inherent vibrancy of waterfronts. The world's best waterfronts use parks as connective tissue, using them to link major destinations together.

9. Design and program buildings to engage the public space. Any building on the waterfront should add to the activity of the public spaces around it. When successful, the result is an ideal combination of commercial and public uses.

10. Support multiple modes of transportation and limit vehicular access. Waterfronts are dramatically enhanced when they can be accessed by means other than private vehicles. Unimpeded by cars or parking lots, people are more at ease, and the full breadth of waterfront activity can flourish.

11. Integrate seasonal activities into each destination. Rain or cold is no reason for a waterfront to sit empty. Waterfront programming should take rainy-day and winter activities into account, and amenities should provide protection from inclement weather.

12. Make stand-alone, iconic buildings serve multiple functions. An iconic structure can be a boon to the waterfront, so long as it acts as a multi-use destination.

13. Manage, manage, manage. Ongoing management is essential to maintain waterfronts and sustain a diverse variety of activities and events throughout the year. Waterfronts could adopt the model of the Business Improvement Districts (i.e. Buffalo Place Inc.) that have been so successful in many downtowns.

There have been numerous plans over the past half century or more to revitalize the waterfront. Buffalo’s working waterfront is a fraction of what it once was and transforming the waterfront reflects a shift in the city’s economy. Waterfront revitalization offers the amazing opportunity to reshape the region, connect people, and instill a sense of pride. Buffalo needs to get it right. Do we have ten great waterfront destinations? Buffalo needs to get started.

Photos courtesy of Exposure:Buffalo Photography

digulios

What Others Have To Say

  1. sbrof

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 11:27

    Anyone know the details about the Queen City Waterfront document that is supposed to be published a while ago or at least made public? It was done with many of these ideas in mind. More than plan out the waterfront it collected all the other plans and used them as a process to create the "citizen's vision" for what the waterfront should be.

    The PPS has some good ideas and they do study many wonderful places around the world, I do wonder how many, if any, of our politicians even know it exists as a resource for proper urban design. The items about not allowing the developer will or residential properties to mandate what happens on a waterfront is in stark contrasts to everything that comes out of city hall. All they seem to want to do is build to get the biggest quick influx of taxable land even if it doesn't spawn the city wide changes that a real waterfront should. Everything that they approve is either designed by a developer.. or is full of high end residential with attractions clustered in one spot and the rest of the waterfront is little more than someone's backyard.

    Can we print and mail these to every politicians office? Because even if 1/3 of them read them, it would be worth in my opinion.

  2. StreetcarSuburbanite

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 12:12

    All of these 13 points are great but require lots of competent leadership from the city which is something that barely exists right now. Until then we'll see our waterfront become even more of a deontextualized cluster!@#$ than it already is.

  3. rpmcmurphy

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 12:17

    Our Waterfront is a major flyway for all kinds of migratory birds, this should be taken into consideration before we start putting much more emphasis on these "destinations." Can the "destinations" be outdoors? By the way great cold weather waterfront event tommorrow, Tifft Winter Fest, see Buffalo Rising post.

  4. rockette

    2 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 12:41

    My fantasy is that our city's leadership actually takes these 13 steps to heart and does something with them. I'd love it if Buffalo actually considered the Niagara River to be a part of the waterfront, an important part. Currently, there isn't much of a connection between Riverside Park and down town. Decaying industrial buildings and the 190 have cut off the neighborhoods of Black Rock and the West Side from the waterfront for a long time and it's taken its toll. The reason that the13 steps make sense and work is that it's a plan for a future legacy for the area. Look at the differences between the waterfront on the Canadian side of the river and lake and ours. Same river, same lake, different world. It's pretty clear that Canada values it's waterfront.

  5. rpmcmurphy

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 13:06

    I like Canada's waterfront too, besides Niagara Falls. The city of Niagara Falls is a joke and exploits the natural beauty of that area instead of embracing it. Maybe they have a balance between the city and the rest of the waterfront which is a beautiful parkway with a bike path. However, the destinations in Niagara Falls are way too overboard and they forget that there is a bike path on either side of them. If you've ever ridden that parkway you have to dodge speeding traffic once you hit the city limit. At least on our side you can remain on a bike path continuously on the waterfront through the state parks until you get past Whirlpool and its back to the highway and speeding fuming cars. Nowhere on the Canadian parkway do they put into practice the 13 points mentioned here. Buffalo could strike a balance here using the 13 points and building green because this is a sensitve area ecologically, the technology exisits, the Greenway money is there, and it saves money. Therefore, it is still a Greenway.

  6. Betty_Boo

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 17:25

    You must be f***ing kidding me... we have a dead economy, negative population growth, and corruption that puts the mob to shame and you are worried about migrating birds? Why not worry about the migrating tax payers and business owners. Worry about the migrating college grads, retirees, and families, not the stupid birds. What the f*ck would a revamped waterfront do to them anyway and why should anyone care?

  7. Betty_Boo

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 3rd 2007, 17:28

    This is a nice wishlist, but like AA most people never make it took the fourth step before figuring that continuing is just too hard. If you want to make a difference then get rid of the NFTA, they are holding the whole city hostage with their abuse and corruption. We will see nothing of use or usefulness until we get rid of them.

  8. michelle

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 4th 2007, 06:36

    The deadline date for NYS Parks to approve the Niagara River Greenway plan is March 21, 2007. Earlier this week, the Niagara River Greenway Commissioners caved into the seven member, Niagara Power Coalition demands, basically because the issuance of the New York Power Authority's new 50-year license (FERC doc. # 2216) depends upon two county approval (Erie and Niagara) of the Niagara River Greenway plan. The public deserves to know what's really happening, the local newspapers' tendency is to "tell it slant."

    Open Letter to Gov. Spitzer, Attorney General Andrew M. Cuomo, and NYS Parks Commissioner, Carol Ash

    Re: Comments on Draft Generic Environmental Impact Study for Niagara River Greenway

    After attending eighteen months of Citizens Advisory Committee, and Niagara Greenway Commission meetings, and one Local Government Advisory meeting this is what I observed: 1.

    The design team and the Niagara River Greenway Commissioners neglected or refused to educate themselves, the general public, the business communities, and the local government leaders on

    [A] what eco-tourism is and what the eco-tourist looks for, [B] what a genuine greenway in its purest form is,

    [C] the social, economic, health, environmental, and quality of life benefits communities reap by creating sections of a genuine, non-motorized greenway and

    [D] what “pollution-based prosperity” is.

    According to an interview given by Bobby Kennedy Jr.

    Good environmental policy is identical to good economic policy 100 percent of the time. We can measure the economy in one of two ways. We can base our assessment on whether the economy produces jobs of dignity over the long-term and preserves our community assets. Or we can do what the polluters are urging us to do: treat the planet as if it were a business in liquidation and convert our natural resources into cash as quickly as possible. This is pollution-based prosperity. It creates the illusion of a prosperous economy, but our children will pay for our joyride. They will pay for it with denuded landscapes, poor health, and huge cleanup costs. Environmental injury is deficit spending. It loads the cost of our generation’s prosperity onto the backs of our children.

    
Environmentalism has become the most important civil rights issue. The role of government is to protect the commons: the air we breathe, the water we drink, the fisheries, the wildlife, the public lands. Those resources are our social safety net.

    
The environment is the infrastructure of our communities. As a nation, as a civilization, it’s our obligation to create communities for our children that provide them with opportunities for dignity and good health. When we destroy nature, we diminish ourselves and impoverish our children. We ignore that at our own peril.

    (O The Oprah Magazine, Feb. 2007, page 230-234)

    2.

    The predetermined ownership of the funds and the focus of the Niagara River Greenway were in place long before the process was officially implemented making two-county consensus almost impossible to achieve. This became public knowledge at the November 2006 Local Gov. Advisory Meeting, Beaver Island State Park.

    The proof: When the Co-chair of the Niagara County Environmental Management Council, Gail Walder, asked the greenway planners and Commissioner Ron Moline, Chairman of the Local Gov. Advisory Committee, “If the municipalities do not accept the Niagara River Greenway Plan, what happens to the money?”

    Mr. Warren Kahn, attorney for the Power Coalition member, Lewiston-Porter School District, stated that, “if the plan is not adopted we have already agreed to meet with NYPA and to renegotiate our funds.” (For some reason, the Niagara Gazette omitted this statement from the subsequent newspaper article.)

    3.

    In documenting Olmsted, the planners omitted several key points and philosophies. The National Association of Olmsted Parks (NAOP) (www.olmsted.org) identifies:

    
examples of the many kinds of designs by which the profession of landscape architecture could improve the quality of life in America. These included the large urban park, devoted primarily to the experience of scenery and designed so as to counteract the artificiality of the city and the stress of urban life; the parkway; the scenic reservation, protecting areas of special scenic beauty from destruction and commercial exploitation
 His principal projects in each category are: Scenic reservation: the Niagara Reservation (1887)

    Parkways: Bidwell and Chapin Parkways, Buffalo (1870)

    Park system: Buffalo-Delaware Park

    Olmsted believed that it was the purpose of his art to affect the emotions. This was especially evident in his park design, where he created passages of scenery in which the visitor would become immersed; experiencing the restorative action of the landscape by what Olmsted termed an “unconscious” process. To achieve this result, he subordinated all elements of the design to the single purpose of making the landscape experience most profound. Olmsted always sought to look beyond the current taste and fashion and to base his designs on fundamental principals of human psychology. As Olmsted expressed it, the term “scenery” does not apply to any field of vision in which all that is to be seen is clear and well defined in outline. References quoted: Beveridge, Charles, et al

    Note: (Mr. Beveridge is the same resource two of the Niagara Heritage Partnership (NHP) founders used when they filmed “Fading in the Mist,” the award-winning, PBS documentary about the ongoing scenic destruction of Niagara Falls. A copy of this documentary was mailed to NYS OSPRHP Commissioner, Bernadette Castro. Our understanding from her is that she did not view the film.)

    The NAOP’s Advocacy Role: Frederick Law Olmsted was more than a park designer; he was the leading voice for the provision of healthful, accessible and beautiful greenspaces for all citizens. Today, the NAOP sees its role in much the same way. This network preserves specific places and ensures that the Olmsted ideals of high quality design, abundance of natural elements and democratic accommodations are part of the modern parks movement.

    4.

    Strategic Pataki appointments and on-going ethics violations within the Niagara River Greenway Commission were brought to the NYS Ethics Commission's attention in October, 2006. They were ignored. There has been no response to the letter twenty-two people signed. Former Gov. Pataki appointed the NYPA chairman, the NYS Parks Commissioner, the members of the Niagara Greenway Commission, the Secretary of State (this person oversees the Ethics Commission and is a Niagara Greenway Commissioner), he appoints members of the Ethics Commission and members to the Department of Transportation. Before leaving office he appointed the former NYPA chairman and local developer, Louis Ciminelli, to the NRG, replacing Commissioner Michael Cornell.

    The Conservation Fund’s book, Greenways: A Guide to Planning, Design, and Development, states in its preface “even federal agencies involved in creating greenways concede that a top-down approach doesn’t work.” After reading the Draft Generic Environmental Impact Study (DGEIS) for Niagara River Greenway (NRG) and watching the forming of the Niagara Greenway, it’s become increasingly clear that The Conservation Fund’s statement is valid.

    5.

    The Niagara River Greenway’s DGEIS plan outlines eleven guiding principals and anticipates regional and governmental compliance. Yet, over half of those principals have already been either blatantly ignored or violated by members of the design team, some members of the NRG, two Niagara County Chambers of Commerce, and the Niagara Power Coalition, the group that ultimately decides the fate of any suggested projects in Niagara County. (Please see the attached letter requesting an ethics investigation and other supporting documentation)

    The Niagara Heritage Partnership’s (www.niagaraheritage.org) proposal for four lane parkway removal—between Niagara Falls and Lewiston—not only epitomizes every draft plan guiding principal, it’s actually a proposal for a genuine greenway that meets and exceeds every guiding principal put forth by the Wendel Duchscherer design team and the Niagara River Greenway Commission.

    Despite the fact that NHP, as a NYPA relicensing stakeholder, was informed during the NYPA relicensing process that this issue of road removal, reclamation, and restoration would be addressed in the Niagara Greenway venue as it was “project specific,” this team of experts refused to support or implement their own guiding principals and proved this by omitting the NHP proposal. In fact, at the Citizens’ Advisory Meeting, held the same night as the revealing Gov. Advisory Meeting, Mr, Mistretta flatly stated that he “is not changing the plan.”

    6.

    The planners left off the “conceptual plan” every project the Niagara Frontier Wildlife Habitat Council put forth.

    f the genuine greenway proposal and genuine greenway conservation and environmental concepts put forth by NHP and the Habitat Council can be erroneously perceived by some as detrimental and lacking quality of life merit and economic value, what then is the widely accepted, genuine definition of a Greenway, according to viewpoints of other non-biased states in the nation who have successfully implemented them?

    The Conservation Fund’s American Greenways Program:

    First, greenways offer a way to preserve vital habitat corridors, and to promote plant and animal species diversity. A greenway serves as a critical filtering zone, absorbing contaminates in surface runoff, and trees, and shrubs, and cover vegetation along the corridor cleanse and replenish the air. Greenways provide much needed space for outdoor recreation. It is ideally suited to such popular outdoor activities as jogging, walking, biking, fishing, and canoeing. They provide safe, alternative, non-motorized transportation routes. Greenways link us to our communities, and, by lessening our dependence on the automobile, can improve air quality and reduce road congestion. Greenways offer a way to protect our nation’s cultural heritage. They give us access to buildings of historic and architectural significance. They allow us to look back at our past and our traditions—to revisit remnants of settlements and the industrial centers that define our history. Greenways can help preserve the rural character of a community or safeguard areas of visual interest by protecting ridgelines, river corridors, and scenic resources. A greenway offers visual relief; its wooded breaks can frame and distinguish neighborhoods. Greenways are community amenities with an economic value. Greenways enhance the quality of life and can increase the value of surrounding properties. Greenway have been shown to draw tourists and have been the catalyst behind new commercial development and the revitalization of former town centers.

    Greenways Incorporated:

    Two-thirds of all the trips we make are for a distance of five miles or less. Greenway trails, as part of a local or regional system, offer transportation alternatives by connecting homes, workplaces, schools, parks, planning centers and cultural attractions. Using trails to bicycle or walk for short-distance trips reduces air pollution and increases the mobility of those who cannot drive.

    Greenways have been proven to attract and retain tourists and expand tourism revenues in many communities. A case in point is the Tallahassee-St.Marks Trail in Florida where approximately 170,000 people visit each year. A study from the real estate industry revealed that “walking and biking paths” ranked 3rd among 39 features identified by home buyers as crucial factors in their homemaking decisions (1994 American Lives Study).

    Cleveland/ Bradley County Greenway:

    Greenways provide alternate transportation corridors; provide great economic returns to a region. Increased tourism and the resulting business growth add to the tax base and create jobs for residents. Greenways provide an excellent place for learning about ecology, often serving as living laboratories for students. People who live in communities that have greenways find these natural corridors become an integral part of an enriched quality of life.

    New Bear Creek Greenway Site, Oregon

    Paths are paved, suitable for walkers, joggers, bicyclists, skaters, strollers, and wheelchair users. Motorized vehicles, with the exception of maintenance vehicles and wheelchairs, are prohibited. The greenway is essential for preserving both the quality of Bear Creek’s water and its unique stream-side habitat. This corridor is a refuge for animals and it will increase in importance as population in Bear Creek grows. The enviable quality of life enjoyed by Bear Creek Valley residents is further enhanced by the existence of the Greenway.

    Mission statement: The mission of the Bear Creek Greenway Foundation is to support acquiring land, restoring and protecting habitat, enhancing safety and security, constructing trails for the benefit of the general public. The Greenway trail will provide more alternative access to parks, and other destinations along the Greenway. The Greenway trail will allow families, individuals, and school classes access to places to observe wildlife.

    Trails and Greenways Clearinghouse

    Benefits of trails and greenways: creating new opportunities for outdoor recreation and non-motorized transportation; strengthening local economies, protecting the environment, preserving culturally and historically valuable areas.

    We recognized at the Stakeholders forum the close relationship Robert Moses, NYPA, and NYS OSPRHP have had for over fifty years and we realize that contemplating the removal of a road dedicated to him might border on the sacrilegious for NYPA and State Parks, but we are respectfully asking the Niagara Greenway Plan embrace the Olmsted Philosophies underlined in section 3 and as stated in the legislation that created the Niagara Greenway Commission.

    We trust that Mr. Tom Lyons, as a representative of the lead agency, and ultimately, Ms. Carol Ash, the new State Parks Commissioner, will recognize the creation of the Niagara River Greenway means more than the flow of dollars. It’s also about core values, civility, and working toward a common good that should benefit every individual, not just support the commercial goals of a very select few. Sincerely,

    Michelle Vanstrom Citizens' Advisory Committee member, Niagara River Greenway

    Enclosures:

    October 30, 2006 Ethics Investigation Request Letter

    October 30, 2006 Letter to Commissioner Castro re: DeVeaux Woods State Park

    NYPA Timeline (www.niagaraheritage.org)

    April 21, 2006 Legislative Gazette, Letter to the Editor, Definition of a Greenway

    Webpage printouts:

    [1] Parkway Preservation Committee Members (revised by them, see original list attached to Ethics Investigation Request Letter)

    [2] Niagara USA Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors

    [3] Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority

    [4] Buffalo Olmsted Parks Board of Trustees – Note Long-Range Planners

    [5] Buffalo Rising Blog: Hello Niagara Power Coalition: “ Greening Your Pockets?”

  9. Prl119

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 4th 2007, 12:06

    That's a nice little list they've got there. Covers most the bases and manages to insult just about any urban planner in the country. All those points are crucial in order to create a vibrant urban fabric, yet there is much more to SUCCESSFUL urban planning than just those guidelines. To properly design / develop an area one must analyze the site and make a determination of what should be there. My biggest issue is the inclusion of the public. Yes there should be a public discourse, but including the population to take part in designing is just plain dumb. The general population, even our politicians, have no clue of what should be there and will just look to Cleveland Chicago etc. and say " I want that ". The biggest flaw here, Buffalo is not those cities nor are the conditions the same. One could look to those as idea generators yet the final outcome should be something Buffaloian in nature. I apologize for sounding elitist but the public doesn't always know what is best for them.

  10. JulieTee

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 4th 2007, 14:31

    I see nothing has changed. All talk no action. Let's save the birds.....LMFAO...gawd you people are such hicks!

  11. SLEEPL8

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 5th 2007, 09:21

    That list seems to be common sense. It is very practical to assume that if you allow the community to make decisions, all will sit down and agree on everything without any conflict. Much more will be accomplished and everyone will be satisfied with the outcome. [sarcasm] Congratulations Michelle on writing the longest comment in BRO history.

  12. Biniszkiewicz

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 5th 2007, 10:00

    I'd like to thank Micelle for the extensive comment above. It makes me feel good to know there are good people trying hard. Kudos to the group(s) promoting the greenway.

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