Grain Elevator Reuse- Portland Style

Grain Elevator Reuse- Portland Style

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Buffalo has a number of vacant grain elevators frequently labeled 'white elephants' with no reuse potential. But other cities have found ways to preserve their industrial heritage. Here's another.

Centennial Mill is a 100-year old former floor mill in the path of a development steamroller in Portland, Oregon called the Pearl District. Rather than demolish a remnant of its riverfront industrial district, the City is thinking beyond the condo box. The plant site, in true Portland style, is planned to be converted into a mixed-use complex of restaurants, retailers, entertainment and open space with a ‘green’ focus.

The nearly five-acre site along the Willamette River is on the northern edge of the Pearl District, Portland’s most dynamic neighborhood experiencing a boom in residential, office and retail construction. The flour mill consists of 12 buildings constructed between 1910 and 1940. Long vacant, the City acquired the property in 2000 with the intention of clearing the site to provide public access to the river. A study recommended demolition of most of the structures due to their condition, the high costs of rehabilitation, and a longstanding goal to create a park on the riverfront.

cent1.PNG Portland's Pearl District is on a steady march towards the water. Centennial Mill is in the foreground.

After public outcry and unsolicited private development offers, Portland's City Council voted unanimously to halt any demolition plans for the Centennial Mill. The Portland Development Commission then issued a request for qualifications to turn the dilapidated site into a community focal point.

Five key principles were established to guide redevelopment: Provide open space, capture history, define a community focal point, strengthen connections, and embrace sustainability.

After the Request for Qualifications drew interested developers from across the country, the Commission selected three development teams to submit detailed proposals for City and public review. Lab Holding, LLC of Costa Mesa, California, was recently selected to develop the site. Their proposal has the working title of “SEED” and is based around food.

cent3.PNG

SEED is envisioned as a “regional recreation and social amenity that combines culinary elements from urban public markets with elements that encourage and enable healthy and sustainable living.” The historic industrial buildings of Centennial Mills will be turned into a mix of restaurants, market stalls, retail and office space, a culinary school, and galleries.

Public open spaces are used to invite the community to congregate and take personal ownership of the riverfront. Retaining and rehabilitating many of the existing structures permits residents to experience and enjoy a distinctive yet unfamiliar landmark. SEED also seeks to educate residents in sustainability, organic living and the culinary arts. The project will demonstrate sustainability by incorporating bio-filtration systems, grass roofs, and native planting.

Components of the proposal include:

• Water Theater- The shoreline landscape provides an opportunity to interact with the river. This field slopes towards the river and includes an amphitheatre built into the riverbank. This amphitheatre will be enlivened with community events (concerts, theatre, etc.) allowing residents to sit near and enjoy the river.

• The People’s Market- A large portion of the wharf becomes exposed to create a public meeting place. A number of market stalls, built from materials recycled from onsite deconstruction, house small food vendors and local craftspeople.

• The Orchard- The main pedestrian entryway into the project. A two-sided retail promenade sits beneath a canopy of trees and leads visitors to the large riverfront open spaces.

• The Farm- Showcases the agricultural history of the site and exhibits local crops from the region. Along with being an educational garden, The Farm is a collection of forage plots in which surrounding restaurants can harvest for their kitchens or visitors can sample fresh herbs.

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LAB’s proposal carries a $57.4 million price tag, largely financed privately. The Portland Development Commission’s Board of Directors on Wednesday is expected to formally begin negotiations with the project team on a disposition and development agreement.

“We are really honored to be selected as the development partner for Centennial Mills,” said Shaheen Sadeghi, Principal of LAB Holding, LLC. “The Mills are an amazing opportunity to connect people to the river and revitalize a piece of Portland’s history.”

Source: Portland Development Commission Centennital Mills website.

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Other elevator re-use projects featured on Buffalo Rising: Baltimore, Sacramento, Minneapolis, Buffalo- RiverWright.

View Pearl Slideshow

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digulios

What Others Have To Say

  1. RaChaCha

    6 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 01:18

    WCP, glad that a bit of insomnia let me get an early peek at this very cool article. It's a bit poignant, though, as it brings to mind the lost potential of the H.O. Oats complex in Buffalo's own waterfront district. Those buildings could have been redeveloped as a stand-alone project, as in this Portland case, or incorporated into a casino project which respected and reused - rather than steamrollered - blocks of historically unique urban fabric.

    Preservation is often equated with obstructionism, but what this Portland example shows clearly - along with countless examples here at home - is that preservationists seek a better way, and alternative to the "Oh, those old buildings? They're in the way. Knock 'em down!" mindset which has clearcut through too much of our unique older infrastructure. Perhaps because - like many west coast cities - Portland is largely a 20th-Century town, and buildings this old are a relative rarity, the prospect of their loss resonated more strongly. But whatever the driving force behind it, this exciting, cutting-edge effort on their part to reuse this complex is a great lesson to learn from - and emulate.

  2. gaustad

    12 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 02:11

    Why do we keep going back to this grain elevator rehab project? The HO complex stood abandoned for years. If someone wanted to preserve and covert it, I think it would have happened.

    Same with the other grain elevetors. Although they are an important part of our history, right now they add no value whatsoever to revitalizing downtown.

    There are no interested parties that want to rehab any of them. In my opinion, they add to the decay and pollution already on the waterfront and inhibit growth....... most sites/grain elevators should be demolished and cleaned up.

    It's time to move on Buffalo. Clinging to our past only inhibits our progress. Its time to reinvent.

  3. sbrof

    6 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 07:04

    only when our downtown is developing and at capacity should these grain elevators come down. Why spend money taking down a piece of history to have a site no one is going to be interested in? These buildings are not the black eye people make them out to be. I say once downtown is 50% empty then lets think about the real need for the room to develop but for now they are fine being mothballed.

    Part of their disuse here in a local perception that nothing can be done with them, they have no potential. What this and other articles are trying to get out are the options available for these sites. They could become richly unique places to live work and play if we wanted them to be. The problem is a collective fear of the past, that anything old and vacant should immediately be demolished, even without a plan.

    I may not have liked the demolition of HO Oats but the site is being developed and a project that many think is positive for downtown. I am OK with that but taking buildings down, especially ones are HUGE public expense is a waste of money and less of what makes Buffalo unique.

    Concrete Central is one of the largest masonry structures ever built, many other elevators and their features were invented here and then propagated around the globe. They were inspirations for architects like Le Corbu, Meis etc who loved their form - function connections helping to inspire modernism as a movement. These aren't just telescoping houses on the East Side but have connections that reach well beyond our own backyard.

    If anyone wants to learn more I would recommend paging through Concrete Atlantis

  4. WholeLottaJibbaJabbah

    3 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 08:39

    I just got back from Portland OR last week and happened to see most of the Pearl District and many other former industrial areas that are now being transformed into mixed use type buildings. It is a sight to see, and being from Buffalo it also made me very sad because I asked a friend of mine who is from Portland about the buildings and he said that most of the development happened over the past 4 years. But the people in power (and the PEOPLE OF PORTLAND) initially agreed on a plan for all this back in the 70s. Buffalo Does Not Even Have A Plan That EVERYONE CAN AGREE ON!!! So if they happen to figure out some sort of plan, don't expect anything to happen for at least another 4-5 decades. Call me when it's finished.

  5. Dan

    7 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 10:23

    Grain elevator reuse has been discussed in the Buffalo area for decades, yet there's been absolutely no action. In the 1970s, there was plenty of buzz in Buffalo about a grain elevator in Akron, Ohio that was converted to a hotel. "Why not Buffalo?" many asked? Today ... the Buffalo River is still lined with ten of abandoned elevators.

    Most of Buffalo's grain elevators are in solidly industrial areas, many difficult to access. Their rugged surroundings aren't exactly the ideal environment for upscale hotels or apartment buildings. Sure, in the world of an armchair planner who regularly partakes of the loganberry-flavored Buffalo boosterist Kool-Aid, poor access and a location surrounded by heavy industry is no problem, but in the real world ... nope. Sorry.

    Instead of focusing on individual elevators, there needs to be a plan that focuses on the Buffalo River and its banks. Current plans and zoning promote industrial development in the area. If you want to see non-industrial adaptive reuse of grain elevators, you need a plan, underlying zoning, and decision-making that supports the gradual elimination of industrial uses along the Buffalo River. In today's Buffalo, where any type of development, anywhere, is perceived as everything from "better than nothing" to "the salvation of the region", that's probably not going to happen.

  6. SLEEPL8

    4 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 11:32

    Great for Portland. It won't get done here. I agree with jibbajabbah that it will take decades to get anything done with our "wonderfully historict" (errr. unattractive, obsolete, decrepit, piece of shit, concrete cylinders) grain elevators. Gaustad is right. Let them go! Nothing is giong to be done to reused them. Knock them down and use thel and for better things. New things.

  7. wizardofza

    4 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 12:28

    Portland OR has many things that Buffalo doesn't: hot real estate/actual demand for new buildings, a progressive-minded populace, far less urban poverty than a rust belt city, and a beautiful natural setting with rugged geography within the city limits.

    There is next to zero market impetus to reuse any of Buffalo's grain elevators right now for some yuppie-friendly purpose. Hell, we might need the mills in the future for their original use when oil is no longer cheap and we have to go back to more traditional means of shipping and warehousing goods.

  8. benfranklin

    4 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 12:42

    While 'standard' reuse may not be in the cards, it's not hard to envision someone coming up with an energy producing way to use a large cylinder, located a few meters from a large lake. Trapping wind off the lake?, melting ice/freezing water?, difference in air temperature vs. lake temperature? With our luck, we'll tear them down, and the following week someone we'll say, " I could generate all the power you need, if only you had a big concrete cylinder to store 'x'". Some one needs to come up with that 'x'.

  9. chris69

    3 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 13:19

    Buffalos key is to put as many of the turn of the century canals and slips back as possible. Temporary uses could just be for small boats...

    but I tend to agree that at the very least the ADM/Great Northern is the waterfront prize for redevelopment and rehabilitation. I think that cutting out the interior silos, replacing them with support beams of some sort would make a great waterfront armory which could be used as a maritime museum or be big enough to display sail boats full mast during 4 seasons.

    As far as the other grain silos....wheat for ethanol, soy for biodiesel or huge vats for algae which can then be harvested for biodiesel....there are uses and I dont think we need to have a discussion about getting rid of them until we have enough concentrated redevelopment to replace them.

  10. sbrof

    2 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 14:05

    Dan you are absolutely right but demolishing them to have yet more industrial wasteland with still poor connections and infrastructure isn't going to solve anything. We as a city, as you stated, need to fully re-work the zoning regulations around the Buffalo river to bring that land into a non-industrial use. It would be nice to think that maybe there will be a hustle and bustle on those shores again but it isn't going to happen via industry. Waiting and not changing anything for another 30 years would be insane. I don't blame the silo's, I blame the lack of connection and infrastructure that continues the lack of interest in all of our Riverfront properties.

  11. Downtownjunkie

    2 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 14:35

    The citys zoning laws have not been updated since 1950? WTF!?! I mean how much has this citys needs changed since 1950? Wheres the story about that little known fact about this backward city?

  12. Jas

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 15:42

    Here's another great reuse: "A stay in the Crowne Plaza at Quaker Square is truly a treat. This unique, full-service hotel is housed in the 19th century mill that was once home to the Quaker Oats Company. One of the most amazing features of this establishment is that the guest rooms are housed in a group of 36 round grain silos (which are included on the National Register of Historic Places). "

    http://www.quakersquare.com/

  13. RaChaCha

    2 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 16:13

    Likewise, here's another small but nicely done (I've toured it) elevator/mill reuse project in a suburban village on the Erie Canal a few miles from My Fair City:

    http://www.townofpittsford.com/home-history-articles-07_13_2005

  14. PDB

    2 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 20:35

    As much as I love to motor a small boat around the old elevators on the Buffalo River and dream of what the hay-days must have been like, I must admit that most of the old elevators are not too suited for development. Even the historic Great Northern abuts the in-use ADM complex and wouldn't be too visitor friendly. The exception, however, could be the elevators that are on the outer harbor property across the shipping channel from General Mills. If access could be improved to the outer harbor those elevators could be rehabed if there were other attractions on the outer harbor land and on the city side.

  15. davvid

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 21:27

    The grain elevators should be considered part of the landscape and less like real estate. Obviously it would be difficult to turn these into lofts. And so, maybe we shouldn't worry about turning them into lofts. Maybe a more interesting and less common solution is required.

  16. Downtownjunkie

    3 ratings12345
    Mar 24th 2008, 23:27

    What about just lighting them up at night and letting nature takes its course with these magnificent hulking monuments. Make a huge swath of it and create an urban park with these manmade mountains as apart of the new environment.

  17. RisingDamp666

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 25th 2008, 00:43

    Lease them to the military for artillery training, then fashion windows for each random shell hole and flog the result to japanese architecture tourists. A fast Yen beats a slow dollar any day.

  18. NBJOHN

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 25th 2008, 08:59

    Wizardofza hit the nail on the head.....

  19. nyc

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 25th 2008, 09:39

    Montreal has a great waterfront and has included much of it's industrial landscape in it's public space including giant grain elevators. It defines as much of the character of montreal's waterfront neighborhoods as the old city and contributes to Montreal's appeal. There should be no rush in buffalo to dismantle them as they A. could become intregal elements of the landscape even if they are not economicaly productive B. could eventually become housing or hotel/ office whatever C. Could serve future industrail purpose which we may not even be aware of now, but they may function with great utility in the future. Who knows. As long as they are sturdy, to knock them down now would be incredibly short sighted.

  20. stopthesprawl

    1 ratings12345
    Mar 25th 2008, 12:06

    This looks like a great idea. But do we have any grain elevators in Wheatfield/OP/Clarence?

  21. RonR

    3 ratings12345
    Mar 25th 2008, 13:40

    There are many flaws in presenting a "They did it and so can we story" about the reuse of grain elevators.

    First off, the price point for this area in Portland starts at 200k and tops out in the Millions. There is also a limited amount of homes. Because of this price point, a developer can take on a huge and costly conversion project and make money. Enough money to justify going into the project.

    Secondly, there are way too many grain elevators in Buffalo. For a project like this to happen, there would need to be just 1-3 grain elevators standing. The reason is they are fugly and no developer is going to sink hundreds of millions on converting the first one when the view is of the remaining rusty icons. The city needs to create a demand on these. What I suggest is someone like Tim T and crew review all of the existing elevators and select 1-3 that have the most potential. Based on the structural condition, hazards and location. Once these are selected, tear down the remaining sites. This is a win win situation the way I see it. Anyone who thinks everyone of these existing sites will be converted is out of their mind. These sites are river front and if the city were to take down most of them, the rive front would be ideal for reuse. Even if it took 20 years, the view of the river could be of green space not rust space. For the ones that are selected to stay, find a grant to slap a coat of paint on them and remove the industrial features that would be removed if and when a conversion is done.

    Lastly, in the infinite wisdom of the city, the are allowing an ETHANOL PLANT to go in down by the biggest cluster of these elevators. If you think a view of an abandoned site is bad, a view of a working ethanol plant is worse. These conversions happen when an area gives up industry. Buffalo, by allowing the ethanol plant, is marking that area as industry for a very long time in the future. Another short sighted view and for what...80 jobs.....

    Yep, Buffalo is rising.....

  22. dixiechick

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 26th 2008, 03:57

    Here is something that I've been thinking of for many YEARS to use one or two of these Silos for: a Silophone! (here is a weblink) http://www.silophone.net/eng/about/desc.html

    Think of the potential expansion of the AK, the Children's Museum that we've been waiting for, a venue for creative music, economical, social and tourism growth for the WaterFront.

    Also, what an interesting idea of blending sounds, recordings images from the past, with those of our time to create a unique experience.

    This is what I'm talking about; Silophone is a project by [The User] which combines sound, architecture, and communication technologies to transform a significant landmark in the industrial cityscape (of Montréal.)

    "Silophone makes use of the incredible acoustics of Silo (#5) by introducing sounds, collected from around the world using various communication technologies, into a physical space to create an instrument which blurs the boundaries between music, architecture and net art. Sounds arrive inside Silo #5 by telephone or internet. They are then broadcast into the vast concrete grain storage chambers inside the Silo. They are transformed, reverberated, and coloured by the remarkable acoustics of the structure, yielding a stunningly beautiful echo. This sound is captured by microphones and rebroadcast back to its sender, to other listeners and to a sound installation outside the building. Anyone may contribute material of their own, filling the instrument with increasingly varied sounds."

    "This project takes cues from transformations of similarly imposing industrial sites in Europe such as La Fonderie in Brussels, Belgium and Emscher Park in Germany’s Ruhr, both of which reactivate abandoned sites by appropriating the mandates of existing cultural programs in their surrounding communities.

    (and perhpas, most importantly) "The Silophone project aims to raise popular awareness of the building and to catalyse activity that will eventually result in the discovery of an appropriate new function for the abandoned elevator."

    Also, let us not forget that Buffalonian Joseph Dart, invented the grain elevator in 1842. And that by the 1880s, we learn that Buffalo had long been known as the "City of Grain Elevators" and by the first half of the 20th century, the city had the nation's largest capacity for the storage of grain.

    The late Reyner Banham, influential and prolific architectural theorist, critic and former UB architecture professor, in his book, "A Concrete Atlantis: U.S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture 1900-1925" (1986), addresses the development of concrete construction in American factories and grain elevators, and their relationship to modernism.

    "They were," he wrote, "…buildings of great quality and power…like an avenue of mighty tombs." He likens them in size and scale to the massive Egyptian temples and as "examples of strategic economic infrastructure, technological wonders, architectural icons, or as objects of historic preservation."

    So, are these structures 'tombs'?, 'temples'?, 'icons'? or 'objects of historic preservation'?, or perhaps more than that?

    There is, indeed, a tension between economical and historic considerations of the fate of these buildings. And perhaps we couldn't, or shouldn't save all 13 Silos. I only hope that this doesn't become the next Larkin Building loss for the City of Buffalo!.

  23. WholeLottaJibbaJabbah

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 26th 2008, 09:15

    wizardofza, portland sports one of the highest unemployment rates for the past 5-6 years for a city its size. So I don't know where you're coming up with it not having urban poverty.

  24. Hospitable

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 26th 2008, 20:07

    Take a look at the price of scrap metal lately.... I can't believe they're still standing!

  25. Hospitable

    0 ratings12345
    Mar 26th 2008, 20:11

    I have a set of friends who live out there.. and those progressive minded members of the populace are said to be soo progressive that they kill anything that doesn't look like it belongs on the side of a mountain.... its rather drab.

    Secondly, I'd like to see how much of this project is financed "privately"... find me a business man or group of who drop $58 million for something that looks like that... I'm thinkin the states involved much more than we know and this is a sweetheart deal for a group of well connected developers... new york style

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